Joint stock companies

Joint stock companies (JSC) are another type of offshore and onshore incorporated companies. JSC company is a company owned by shareholders. The shares of the company may be in uneven amounts to different persons and may be transferred(or sold) at any time to any other person without any damage to the company. JSC are sometimes also regarded as unlimited companies, this abbreviation is mostly used in the UK.

The shares of the companies can be traded at stock markets. Some company shares are used in trading similar to Forex.

JSC in Latvia

JSC's in Latvia are called AS (in latvian "Akciju sabiedriba"). Atho this is not the most popular type of company incorporated in Lavia, it's still often used. An article on JCS incorporation in Latvia in Russian here.

United Kingdom

JSC's in UK are called Unlimited companies.
Joint stock companies are not directly related to the incorporation of the other types of companies in one of these jurisdictions. Because the use of these kinds of companies should not be permitted, so that it is possible to create a company in one of these jurisdictions.

Russia

JCS (OAO AND ZAO) shares in Russia are regarded to as securities under the Russian Securities Law and must be registered with the Federal Service for Financial Markets. THis must be done to be able to trade with the shares publicly for public joint stock companies and among limited number of persons for a ZAO type of JCS. The nominal value of the share may not exceed 25% of the total share capital.
These are the only forms of companies in Russia that may issue shares. LLC and other types of company cannot issue shares.

United States

As usually the U.S.A has complicated most of the things  regarding to the law beyond comprehension. There are various types of legal entities that can be incorporated as JCS, but they cannot be corporations, as corporations are defined as entities contemplation by the law.